s.czerwinski | Koło Badań Psychologicznych Experior

Gender Differences in the Relationship Between Human Values and Compulsive Pornography Use

Autorstwa: Julia Bilicka, Paweł Atroszko, Stanisław Czerwiński
Na: HUMANITAS Global Congress of Flourishing 2025

Streszczenie:

Compulsive pornography consumption is formally recognized as an impulse control disorder and is associated with excessive pornography use patterns despite adverse consequences, including emotional distress, impaired relationships, and difficulties with self-regulation. Although widely studied in terms of prevalence and psychological outcomes, less is known about how individual value systems may influence susceptibility to compulsive pornography use. The aim of this study was to examine gender differences in the relationship between Schwartz’s Basic Human Values and compulsive pornography use. The Compulsive Pornography Consumption (CPC) Scale was used alongiside the Short Schwartz Values Survey (SSVS) among 1285 students. Results from linear regression analyses separately for females and males showed that power values significantly predicted higher levels of compulsive pornography use in both genders. Among females, stimulation also had a significant positive effect, while among males, universalism was positively associated with compulsive pornography watching, and achievement and self-direction were negatively associated with it. These findings suggest that personal value orientations play a meaningful role in understanding individual vulnerability to pornography addiction, with power emerging as a shared risk factor for both genders. Gender-specific patterns highlight the importance of considering individual differences in motivational priorities when addressing problematic pornography use. Given the gender differences, more research in this area is warranted.

Słowa kluczowe: Schwartz’s Universal Values, compulsive pornography consumption, impulse control disorders, sexual behaviour.

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Study Addiction among Females with ADHD: The Moderating Role of Pharmacological Treatment

Autorstwa: Alicja Lipińska, Paweł Atroszko, Stanisław Czerwiński
Na: HUMANITAS Global Congress of Flourishing 2025

Streszczenie:

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is associated with academic underperformance that may have detrimental effects on the quality of life, mental health, and psychosocial functioning. To compensate for co-occurring disorders, neuropsychological deficits and functional impairments, students with ADHD may develop study addiction and use compulsive study behaviour as a maladaptive stress-coping strategy. However, previous studies indicate that pharmacological treatment may alleviate core symptoms of ADHD, as well as associated social and academic impairments. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between study addiction and ADHD symptoms among females, and the moderating role of pharmacotherapy in this relationship. The study included 94 female students with an ADHD diagnosis, from whom 21 received systematic pharmacological treatment. Moderation analyses revealed that ADHD was positively related to study addiction only for those women who receive pharmacotherapy. Conversely, for females who do not take stimulant medication, the relationship between study addiction and ADHD was non-significant. These results suggest that in women with ADHD, pharmacotherapy may improve cognitive performance, motivation, and goal-oriented sensitivity and thereby shift impulsivity and addiction-prone tendencies into socially approved behaviours such as studying. Without pharmacotherapy, symptoms may be too impairing to maintain such study-oriented behaviour. Based on these findings, further investigations of compulsive study behaviour and its relation to pharmacological treatment among ADHD students are highly warranted.

Słowa kluczowe: ADHD, academic performance, stimulant medication, study addiction.

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Caffeine Consumption Mediates the Relationship Between Study Addiction and Perceived Stress

Autorstwa: Oliwia Kosecka, Stanisław Czerwiński, Paweł Atroszko
Na: HUMANITAS Global Congress of Flourishing 2025

Streszczenie:

Problematic overstudying has been conceptualized as addictive behavior, so-called “study addiction.” Study addiction is negatively associated with general quality of life, general health, and sleep quality. Caffeine is a widely used stimulant that enhances readiness and the ability to remain mentally alert after fatigue. University students, especially those showing symptoms of problematic overstudying, may consume more caffeine to increase their academic performance. Previous research has shown that both study addiction and caffeine consumption are positively associated with general perceived stress. The study aimed to investigate the relationship between study addiction, caffeine consumption, and perceived stress in university students. It was hypothesized that study addiction, caffeine consumption, and perceived stress would be positively related, with caffeine consumption mediating the relationship between study addiction and stress. Sample 1 consisted of 444 university students, and Sample 2 consisted of 2392 university students. The Bergen Study Addiction Scale, Perceived Stress Scale-4 and a question about average daily caffeine consumption were used. The results showed that caffeine consumption partially mediated between study addiction and perceived stress. Students with high study addiction tend to consume more caffeine and, therefore, show higher stress levels. The results found in Sample 1 were cross-validated in Sample 2. They emphasize the importance of raising awareness about the negative health consequences of caffeine consumption among students with high study addiction. To promote flourishing in academic settings and beyond, limiting caffeine consumption and promoting healthy alternatives, such as rest when the body requires it, is recommended.

Słowa kluczowe: caffeine, problematic overstudying, stress, study addiction.

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Caffeine Intake Mediates the Relationship Between Problematic Overstudying and Psychological Distress

Opublikowane w Nutrients (140 pkt. wg. MEiN)

Autorzy: Oliwia Kosecka, Edyta Charzyńska, Stanisław K. Czerwiński, Agata Rudnik, Paweł A. Atroszko

Streszczenie:

Background: Problematic overstudying has been conceptualized as an addictive behavior (study addiction) and an early form of work addiction. The majority of students showing compulsive studying behaviors experience chronic and high stress and symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder. Caffeine is a widely used stimulant that enhances alertness and cognitive performance, especially under fatigue. University students, particularly those exhibiting problematic overstudying, may consume more caffeine to improve academic performance. Previous research has shown that caffeine consumption is positively associated with perceived stress and anxiety. This study examined the mediating role of caffeine consumption in the relationship between problematic overstudying and psychological distress (perceived stress, anxiety, and depression) among university students.

Methods: Sample 1 consisted of 436 university students, and Sample 2 included 3421 students. The Bergen Study Addiction Scale, Perceived Stress Scale-4, and a measure of average daily caffeine consumption were used.

Results: Results showed that caffeine consumption partially mediated the relationship between problematic overstudying and perceived stress. Students who study compulsively tended to consume more caffeine, which was, in turn, associated with higher perceived stress. This finding was replicated across both samples, and in the second, larger sample, caffeine intake also mediated between problematic overstudying and anxiety and depression.

Conclusions: Excessive caffeine use among students who manifest problematic overstudying may increase their risk of developing, or aggravate existing, symptoms of anxiety or mood disorders. Limiting caffeine intake and promoting healthy alternatives, such as rest and recovery, is recommended to support mental health in this population.

Słowa kluczowe: anxiety; caffeine; depression; stress; study addiction.

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Problematic overstudying, Big Five personality, and music performance anxiety: associations with well-being and GPA

Opublikowane w Health Psychology Report (140 pkt. wg. MEiN)

Autorzy: Piotr M. Luszuk, Patryk Stelnicki, Rafał Lawendowski, Stanisław K. Czerwiński, Paweł A. Atroszko

Streszczenie:

Background:
Problematic overstudying is a compulsive and pathological overinvolvement in studying leading to harm and considerable functional impairments. It is conceptualized as “study addiction,” a precursor to work addiction. It has been investigated within the addictive behaviours framework in general populations of students for over a decade. A previous study analysed the problem among young musicians as a particularly vulnerable group. It found some important differences in potential personality risk factors among music academy students compared to general populations of students and showed an im-portant role of social anxiety. The current study aimed to validate these findings in a separate larger sample and extend them by investigating the role of music performance anxiety (MPA).

Participants and procedure:
The study was conducted among 213 students of music academies. Valid and reliable measures of study addiction, MPA, Big Five personality and well-being were used.

Results:
The results showed that MPA played a similar role as social anxiety in terms of being a predictor, mediator, and moderator of the main replicated effects supporting the hypothesised mechanisms regulating study addiction. However, extraversion was not associated with study addiction in multiple hierarchical regression analysis, but conscientiousness and neuroticism were. Study addiction was associated with indicators of decreased well-being, above and beyond MPA, and personality.

Conclusions:
These results show that MPA plays an analogous role to social anxiety and that the role of Big Five personality in study addiction among young musicians requires further investigation due to inconsistent findings.

Słowa kluczowe: academic performance, learning engagement, personality, musical performance anxiety, study addiction

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Validity, Reliability, and Cross-Cultural Comparability of a Problematic Overstudying Scale across European, North American, and Asian countries

Opublikowane w International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction (40 pkt. wg. MEiN)

Autorzy: Paweł Atroszko, Edyta Charzyńska, Aleksandra Buźniak, Stanisław Czerwiński, Mark D. Griffiths, Anna Jankowska, Shanmukh Vasant Kamble, Zuzanna Mizik, Halley M. Pontes, Jacob Shane, Steve Sussman, Natalia Woropay-Hordziejewicz, Ståle Pallesen

Streszczenie:

Problematic overstudying has been conceptualized as a potential addictive disorder and an early form of work addiction. Previous studies have shown that it is a different phenomenon from healthy learning engagement and is associated with considerable functional impairments. A valid, reliable, and convenient screening measure is warranted to provide cross-culturally comparable and generalizable findings, particularly from large epidemiological studies. The seven-item Bergen Study Addiction Scale (BStAS), based on an addiction framework, was administered alongside learning engagement and anxiety measures in a total sample of 5,884 university students from three continents and five countries: India, Norway, Poland, Portugal, and the United States. The modified five-item version of the scale showed measurement invariance across countries and between genders and allowed for meaningful cross-cultural and gender comparisons. Scores on the BStAS were positively associated with learning engagement, anxiety, and female gender across countries. Clinically significant anxiety levels occurred about 1.7 times more often among students who scored above the cutoff for study addiction. It is concluded that the five-item BStAS is a valid, reliable scale that can be used in different cultures and provides comparable and generalizable results. Future studies with the BStAS may provide greater insight into the nature of problematic overstudying.

Słowa kluczowe: Bergen Study Addiction Scale, Cross-cultural, Overstudying, Study addiction, Workaholism, Work addiction

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Milieu effects on the Dark Triad traits and their sex differences in 49 countries

Opublikowane w Personality and Individual Differences, czasopiśmie z Impact Factor = 3.004 (100 pkt. wg. MEiN)

Autorzy:
Peter K.Jonason, Stanisław K.Czerwiński, Francesca Tobaldo, Jano Ramos-Diaz, Mladen Adamovic, Byron G. Adams, Rahkman Ardi, Sergiu Bălțătescu,Yeow Siah Cha, Phatthanakit Chobthamkit, Sofián El-Astal, Katherine Gundolf, Tomislav Jukić, Emil Knezović, Kadi Liik, John Maltby, Agim Mamuti, Taciano L.Milfont, Rodrigo Moreta-Herrera, Joonha Park, Jarosław Piotrowski, Adil Samekin, Habib Tiliouine, Robert Tomšik, Charles Umeh, Kees van den Bos, Christin-Melanie Vauclair, Anna Włodarczyk, Illia Yahiiaiev, Magdalena Żemojtel-Piotrowska, Constantine Sedikides

Streszczenie:

Most research on the development of personality traits like the Dark Triad (i.e., narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy) focuses on local effects like parenting style or attachment, but people live in a larger society that may set the stage for any local effects. Here we paired nation-level data on the traits from 49 nations with several milieu indicators (e.g., life expectancy, homicide rates) from three timepoints (and change among them) where the average participant (≈ 22yo) would have been a child (≈ 6yo), a pre-teen (≈ 11yo), and a teenager (≈ 16yo). Congruent with previous research, variance in narcissism was far more sensitive to variance in milieu conditions in general and across all three time points than variance in Machiavellianism or psychopathy. The milieu conditions differentiated the traits somewhat with income and education revealing negative correlations with narcissism, positive correlations with Machiavellianism, and null correlations with psychopathy. Sex differences in Machiavellianism and narcissism were correlated with homicide rates across the three timepoints. The evidence that changes in milieu conditions in ones’ past predicts the traits was erratic, but larger sex differences in the traits were associated with decreased life expectancies and homicide rates between childhood and pre-teens.

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How disgust predicts the adoption of mate shortage solutions

Opublikowane w Personality and Individual Differences, czasopiśmie z Impact Factor = 3.004 (100 pkt. wg. MEiN)

Autorzy:
Kaitlyn P. White, Stanisław K.Czerwiński, Rachel Mulhearn, Peter K. Jonason

Streszczenie: When people cannot find desirable mating prospects, they may abstain, lower their standards, or travel farther to solve this mate shortage. We examined people’s (N = 306) willingness to adopt these three solutions to mating shortages in relation to individual differences in disgust in men and women and for long-term and short-term partners. Those with more sexual disgust were more willing to abstain during a shortage of short-term mates and were less willing to lower their standards and to travel farther for short-term partners. Pathogen and moral disgust were associated with choosing to travel farther in the long-term contexts for men only. Our findings support the idea that how people evaluate costs and benefits in mating is expressed in their personality.

Słowa kluczowe: Mating decisions, Sex differences, Disgust, Risk-aversion, Relationships

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Can perseverance of effort become maladaptive? Study addiction moderates the relationship between this component of grit and well-being among music academy students

Opublikowane w Musicae Scientiae, czasopiśmie z Impact Factor = 3.182 (140 pkt. wg. MEiN)

Autorzy:
Stanisław Czerwiński, Rafał Lawendowski, Michał Kierzkowski, Paweł Atroszko

Streszczenie:Grit, defined as perseverance and passion for long-term goals, is investigated as a predictor of academic success and well-being. This trait may have special importance for musicians’ functioning as their lives revolve around practice routines and mastering their craft for years. However, there is a growing recognition that extreme perseverance may be maladaptive in some cases. Persistent overinvolvement in goal-oriented activities is related to compulsive overworking, conceptualized within the behavioral addiction framework as work and study addiction. A previous study showed that study addiction is relatively highly prevalent among young musicians and has a clearly negative effect on their functioning. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between grit, study addiction, and psychosocial functioning among music academy students. It was hypothesized that perseverance of effort is related to well-being, grade point average (GPA), and study addiction, and that it becomes maladaptive for individuals addicted to studying. A cross-sectional correlational study was conducted among 213 music academy students in Poland. Perseverance of effort was positively related to GPA and study addiction. The relationships between perseverance of effort and self-rated general health, and between perseverance of effort and quality of life, were moderated by study addiction. The results suggest that grit may become maladaptive perseverance in the cases of individuals at risk of study addiction. Based on these findings, further investigations of grit among musicians, as well as further studies of the negative aspects of grit in general, are warranted. Implications for prevention and intervention programs are discussed.

Słowa kluczowe: academic performance, maladaptive perseverance, music education, workaholism, work addiction

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