Publikacje | Koło Badań Psychologicznych Experior

PERSONALITY, GROUP NORMS AND RADICAL ACTIONS Individual differences and anti-vaccine radical collective action intention: The moderating role of group norms

Opublikowane w Personality and Individual Differences (100 pkt. wg. MEiN)

Autorzy: Anna Natalia Gajda, Michał Jaśkiewicz, Aleksandra Cupta, Martyna Nitek, Agata Nobis, Tomasz Besta

Streszczenie:

This research comprises three studies conducted in the United States and Poland, investigating predictors of radical action intentions within anti-vaccine movements. The American sample included 252 participants (N1), while the Polish samples had 316 (N2) and 538 (N3) participants. The studies focused on the association between personality traits (meanness, disinhibition, subclinical sadism) and willingness to engage in radical collective action. Building on previous work connecting antisocial tendencies to social behaviors, our research delves into the specific link between non-clinical traits and violent collective actions. Across all studies, positive and significant associations were found between these traits and radical collective action intentions. Notably, our findings highlight that the perception of social norms moderates these relationships. When radical actions are perceived as normative, the link between disinhibition and willingness to choose radical means is stronger and significant. Conversely, when actions are seen as non-normative and unacceptable, the relationship weakens. This moderation effect is consistent in both Poland and the United States, with some observed differences in the strength of indirect effects. The synthesis of insights from personality and social psychology proves vital for a nuanced understanding of collective behavior.

Słowa kluczowe: personality, disinhibition, group violence, anti-vaccine movements

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Problematic overstudying, Big Five personality, and music performance anxiety: associations with well-being and GPA

Opublikowane w Health Psychology Report (140 pkt. wg. MEiN)

Autorzy: Piotr M. Luszuk, Patryk Stelnicki, Rafał Lawendowski, Stanisław K. Czerwiński, Paweł A. Atroszko

Streszczenie:

Background:
Problematic overstudying is a compulsive and pathological overinvolvement in studying leading to harm and considerable functional impairments. It is conceptualized as “study addiction,” a precursor to work addiction. It has been investigated within the addictive behaviours framework in general populations of students for over a decade. A previous study analysed the problem among young musicians as a particularly vulnerable group. It found some important differences in potential personality risk factors among music academy students compared to general populations of students and showed an im-portant role of social anxiety. The current study aimed to validate these findings in a separate larger sample and extend them by investigating the role of music performance anxiety (MPA).

Participants and procedure:
The study was conducted among 213 students of music academies. Valid and reliable measures of study addiction, MPA, Big Five personality and well-being were used.

Results:
The results showed that MPA played a similar role as social anxiety in terms of being a predictor, mediator, and moderator of the main replicated effects supporting the hypothesised mechanisms regulating study addiction. However, extraversion was not associated with study addiction in multiple hierarchical regression analysis, but conscientiousness and neuroticism were. Study addiction was associated with indicators of decreased well-being, above and beyond MPA, and personality.

Conclusions:
These results show that MPA plays an analogous role to social anxiety and that the role of Big Five personality in study addiction among young musicians requires further investigation due to inconsistent findings.

Słowa kluczowe: academic performance, learning engagement, personality, musical performance anxiety, study addiction

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Identifying individual vulnerabilities and problematic behaviours hindering musicians’ development: Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder vs. study addiction

Opublikowane w Musicae Scientiae (140 pkt. wg. MEiN)

Autorzy: Paweł Atroszko, Aleksandra Buźniak, Natalia Woropay-Hordziejewicz, Michał Kierzkowski, Rafał Lawendowski

Streszczenie:

Individual vulnerabilities, such as particular personality characteristics, may be important risk factors that can hinder the development of young musicians and affect their professional careers. This study aimed to examine the relationship between obsessive–compulsive personality disorder (OCPD) and rigid perfectionism, study addiction, and well-being among music students. It was hypothesized that OCPD is a strong risk factor for addictive studying; compulsive learning, however, is an addictive disorder with its own etiology, symptomatology, epidemiology, and course. A total of 255 students from various music academies in Poland participated in the study. It used the Bergen Study Addiction Scale, assessing seven core addiction symptoms related to studying; Five-Factor Obsessive Compulsive Inventory; Perceived Stress Scale; Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; Three-Item Loneliness Scale; and a single-item measure of learning engagement. Both study addiction and OCPD showed positive relationships with stress, anxiety, depression, and loneliness. Multiple hierarchical regression analyses showed that study addiction was related to well-being above and beyond OCPD and was more strongly associated with compromised functioning. Furthermore, mediation analyses indicated that study addiction is a full mediator between OCPD and stress, as well as loneliness, and a partial mediator for anxiety and depression. Moderation analyses revealed that OCPD was related to well-being only for those participants who scored low for study addiction. There was no significant relationship between OCPD and well-being for participants who scored high for study addiction. These results strongly indicate that OCPD is an important risk factor for study addiction although these are different disorders. Like students with high levels of OCPD, students with high levels of study addiction but low levels of OCPD experience reduced well-being. The polythetic cut-off score showed that 24.6% of young musicians could be addicted to studying. Due to the high prevalence of this disorder, further systematic studies among young musicians are highly warranted to prevent and provide better help with the problem.

Słowa kluczowe: anxiety, depression, well-being, loneliness, learning engagement, work addiction, workaholism

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Validity, Reliability, and Cross-Cultural Comparability of a Problematic Overstudying Scale across European, North American, and Asian countries

Opublikowane w International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction (40 pkt. wg. MEiN)

Autorzy: Paweł Atroszko, Edyta Charzyńska, Aleksandra Buźniak, Stanisław Czerwiński, Mark D. Griffiths, Anna Jankowska, Shanmukh Vasant Kamble, Zuzanna Mizik, Halley M. Pontes, Jacob Shane, Steve Sussman, Natalia Woropay-Hordziejewicz, Ståle Pallesen

Streszczenie:

Problematic overstudying has been conceptualized as a potential addictive disorder and an early form of work addiction. Previous studies have shown that it is a different phenomenon from healthy learning engagement and is associated with considerable functional impairments. A valid, reliable, and convenient screening measure is warranted to provide cross-culturally comparable and generalizable findings, particularly from large epidemiological studies. The seven-item Bergen Study Addiction Scale (BStAS), based on an addiction framework, was administered alongside learning engagement and anxiety measures in a total sample of 5,884 university students from three continents and five countries: India, Norway, Poland, Portugal, and the United States. The modified five-item version of the scale showed measurement invariance across countries and between genders and allowed for meaningful cross-cultural and gender comparisons. Scores on the BStAS were positively associated with learning engagement, anxiety, and female gender across countries. Clinically significant anxiety levels occurred about 1.7 times more often among students who scored above the cutoff for study addiction. It is concluded that the five-item BStAS is a valid, reliable scale that can be used in different cultures and provides comparable and generalizable results. Future studies with the BStAS may provide greater insight into the nature of problematic overstudying.

Słowa kluczowe: Bergen Study Addiction Scale, Cross-cultural, Overstudying, Study addiction, Workaholism, Work addiction

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Alarmingly high prevalence and lack of gender differences in ADHD among high school students: Screening for ADHD with ASRS among adolescents and working adults

Opublikowane w Current Problems of Psychiatry (70 pkt. wg. MEiN)

Autorzy: Aleksandra Buźniak, Natalia Woropay-Hordziejewicz, Aleksandra Bereznowska, Paweł Atroszko

Streszczenie:

Introduction: The aim was to examine the psychometric properties of the Polish version of the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS) among adolescents and adult working populations of different genders, the prevalence of ADHD, and its relationship to stress.

Materials and methods: A sample of 723 professionally active people and 1744 high school students participated in the study. Part A of the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS) was used to measure ADHD and the 4-item Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-4) was used to measure stress.

Results: Confirmatory factor analyses showed that the original 6-item two-factor solution of ASRS Part A had a satisfactory fit and showed basic measurement invariance between age groups and genders. Inattention and hyperactivity were related mostly similarly to stress in all groups. The prevalence of ADHD among adolescents was much higher than in previous reports, and no gender differences were found. About every fifth high school student and every tenth adult showed a risk of ADHD. The potential cause of the difference in the prevalence in the studied groups can be generation change.

Conclusions: ASRS is a well-functioning screening measure with good psychometric properties. It is a convenient option for large-scale epidemiological surveys necessary to understand potential generational changes in the prevalence of ADHD and the lack of gender differences among adolescents.

Słowa kluczowe: attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, measurement invariance, stress prevalence, validity, reliability

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The Relationship of Study Addiction with Social Support and Satisfaction with Intimate Relationships

Opublikowane w International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, czasopiśmie z Impact Factor = 11.555 (40 pkt. wg. MEiN)

Autorzy: Julia M. Godzwon, Magda K. Wielewska, Paweł A. Atroszko

Streszczenie:

Study addiction was suggested to be a potential early form of work addiction, which is increasingly recognized as a behavioral addiction. Diminished social support is crucial in the addictive process, and pathological family and social functioning were so far found in relation to work addiction. However, there is still very limited data on the relationship between study addiction and social functioning. This study aimed to provide initial data to fill this gap. The total sample comprised 3206 students, 1770 (55.2%) female. It was gathered in consecutive research projects on study addiction carried out from 2013 to 2016. Bergen Study Addiction Scale, WHOQOL-based satisfaction with support from friends and satisfaction with intimate relations measures, and Ten-Item Personality Inventory and Mini-IPIP were used. The results were replicated in two subsamples in which different measures of personality were used. Regression analyses showed a significant association between study addiction and lower satisfaction with support from friends above and beyond demographics and personality, but not with satisfaction with intimate relations. In conclusion, study addiction is related to limited perceived social support, which may inform prevention and treatment approaches. The association with self-reported satisfaction with intimate relations may be attenuated by low insight and denial characteristic of addiction.

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Compulsive Study Behaviors Are Associated with Eating Disorders and Have Independent Negative Effects on Well-Being: A Structural Equation Model Study among Young Musicians

Opublikowane w Sustainability, czasopiśmie z Impact Factor = 3.889 (100 pkt. wg. MEiN)

Autorzy:
Natalia A. Woropay-Hordziejewicz, Aleksandra Buźniak, Rafał Lawendowski, Paweł A. Atroszko

Streszczenie:

Compulsive overworking and eating disorders (EDs) show considerable similarities in terms of risk factors (e.g., rigid perfectionism), clinical manifestation (e.g., excessive controlling behaviors), and consequences (e.g., physical exhaustion and depression). This study aimed to examine the hypotheses that compulsive study behaviors (conceptualized as study addiction) are related to EDs and that they have independent negative effects on well-being among young musicians, who constitute a highly vulnerable population for these types of problematic behaviors. The relatively high prevalence of study addiction and its pronounced negative relationship with psychosocial functioning make it a pending challenge for sustainable education. A total of 255 students from various music academies in Poland took part in the study. The Bergen Study Addiction Scale, assessing compulsive studying (conceptualized as addictive behavior), the Eating Attitude Test-26 (EAT-26), the Perceived Stress Scale, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and the quality-of-life measure were used. A structural equation model was investigated. Study addiction was positively related to the general factor of EDs and the social pressure component. Both problematic behaviors showed negative and independent effects on the well-being of young musicians. EDs may be 8 to 16 times more prevalent among the students of music academies who are addicted to studying than among the general population. About 80% of those students showing all seven symptoms of study addiction exhibited at least mild depression, while more than half had clinically significant levels of depression. Almost 90% had clinically significant levels of anxiety. Without addressing co-occurring study addiction and eating disorders, including their commonalities and idiosyncrasies, their prevention and treatment cannot be effective and it will substantially affect the sustainability of education and work.

Słowa kluczowe: anxiety; depression; feeding and eating disorders; study addiction; work addiction; workaholism

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Milieu effects on the Dark Triad traits and their sex differences in 49 countries

Opublikowane w Personality and Individual Differences, czasopiśmie z Impact Factor = 3.004 (100 pkt. wg. MEiN)

Autorzy:
Peter K.Jonason, Stanisław K.Czerwiński, Francesca Tobaldo, Jano Ramos-Diaz, Mladen Adamovic, Byron G. Adams, Rahkman Ardi, Sergiu Bălțătescu,Yeow Siah Cha, Phatthanakit Chobthamkit, Sofián El-Astal, Katherine Gundolf, Tomislav Jukić, Emil Knezović, Kadi Liik, John Maltby, Agim Mamuti, Taciano L.Milfont, Rodrigo Moreta-Herrera, Joonha Park, Jarosław Piotrowski, Adil Samekin, Habib Tiliouine, Robert Tomšik, Charles Umeh, Kees van den Bos, Christin-Melanie Vauclair, Anna Włodarczyk, Illia Yahiiaiev, Magdalena Żemojtel-Piotrowska, Constantine Sedikides

Streszczenie:

Most research on the development of personality traits like the Dark Triad (i.e., narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy) focuses on local effects like parenting style or attachment, but people live in a larger society that may set the stage for any local effects. Here we paired nation-level data on the traits from 49 nations with several milieu indicators (e.g., life expectancy, homicide rates) from three timepoints (and change among them) where the average participant (≈ 22yo) would have been a child (≈ 6yo), a pre-teen (≈ 11yo), and a teenager (≈ 16yo). Congruent with previous research, variance in narcissism was far more sensitive to variance in milieu conditions in general and across all three time points than variance in Machiavellianism or psychopathy. The milieu conditions differentiated the traits somewhat with income and education revealing negative correlations with narcissism, positive correlations with Machiavellianism, and null correlations with psychopathy. Sex differences in Machiavellianism and narcissism were correlated with homicide rates across the three timepoints. The evidence that changes in milieu conditions in ones’ past predicts the traits was erratic, but larger sex differences in the traits were associated with decreased life expectancies and homicide rates between childhood and pre-teens.

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How disgust predicts the adoption of mate shortage solutions

Opublikowane w Personality and Individual Differences, czasopiśmie z Impact Factor = 3.004 (100 pkt. wg. MEiN)

Autorzy:
Kaitlyn P. White, Stanisław K.Czerwiński, Rachel Mulhearn, Peter K. Jonason

Streszczenie: When people cannot find desirable mating prospects, they may abstain, lower their standards, or travel farther to solve this mate shortage. We examined people’s (N = 306) willingness to adopt these three solutions to mating shortages in relation to individual differences in disgust in men and women and for long-term and short-term partners. Those with more sexual disgust were more willing to abstain during a shortage of short-term mates and were less willing to lower their standards and to travel farther for short-term partners. Pathogen and moral disgust were associated with choosing to travel farther in the long-term contexts for men only. Our findings support the idea that how people evaluate costs and benefits in mating is expressed in their personality.

Słowa kluczowe: Mating decisions, Sex differences, Disgust, Risk-aversion, Relationships

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Can perseverance of effort become maladaptive? Study addiction moderates the relationship between this component of grit and well-being among music academy students

Opublikowane w Musicae Scientiae, czasopiśmie z Impact Factor = 3.182 (140 pkt. wg. MEiN)

Autorzy:
Stanisław Czerwiński, Rafał Lawendowski, Michał Kierzkowski, Paweł Atroszko

Streszczenie:Grit, defined as perseverance and passion for long-term goals, is investigated as a predictor of academic success and well-being. This trait may have special importance for musicians’ functioning as their lives revolve around practice routines and mastering their craft for years. However, there is a growing recognition that extreme perseverance may be maladaptive in some cases. Persistent overinvolvement in goal-oriented activities is related to compulsive overworking, conceptualized within the behavioral addiction framework as work and study addiction. A previous study showed that study addiction is relatively highly prevalent among young musicians and has a clearly negative effect on their functioning. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between grit, study addiction, and psychosocial functioning among music academy students. It was hypothesized that perseverance of effort is related to well-being, grade point average (GPA), and study addiction, and that it becomes maladaptive for individuals addicted to studying. A cross-sectional correlational study was conducted among 213 music academy students in Poland. Perseverance of effort was positively related to GPA and study addiction. The relationships between perseverance of effort and self-rated general health, and between perseverance of effort and quality of life, were moderated by study addiction. The results suggest that grit may become maladaptive perseverance in the cases of individuals at risk of study addiction. Based on these findings, further investigations of grit among musicians, as well as further studies of the negative aspects of grit in general, are warranted. Implications for prevention and intervention programs are discussed.

Słowa kluczowe: academic performance, maladaptive perseverance, music education, workaholism, work addiction

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