Konferencje | Koło Badań Psychologicznych Experior

Association between attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and higher risk of social media addiction.

Wygłosiła: Maja Dukaczewska
Na: 30. ISSC w Gdańsku

Streszczenie:

INTRODUCTION
ADHD (Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder) is a common neurodevelopmental and
behavioral disorder that emerges in early childhood and often impacts adulthood. It is
known for a short attention span, which contributes to having trouble focusing on complex,
time-consuming tasks due to becoming easily distracted. Another feature of ADHD is
impulsivity, which results in a tendency to choose immediate rewards over long-term
rewards, even if they are more beneficial. One example of such an immediate reward
could be the use of social media. Firstly, due to a prompt and low-effort opportunity to
fulfill social and informative needs while also providing entertainment. Secondly, because
of a very easy full-time smartphone access.
AIM
This study aimed to investigate the relationship between ADHD and social media addiction
risk.
METHODS AND MATERIALS
The study was conducted on a sample of 1,081 high-school students (666 females; 61.6%)
with a mean age of 16.96 (SD = .82) years. Relationships between ADHD symptoms,
gender, and problematic social media use were examined. Participants filled-in Adult
ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS) and Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale (BSMAS).
DISCUSSION
The results of hierarchical regression analysis showed that both ADHD components
(inattention and hyperactivity) were positively associated with problematic social media
use, with inattention exhibiting a stronger link. Also, females showed a higher risk of social
media addiction.
CONCLUSION
These findings imply that ADHD contributes to a higher risk of social media addiction
development, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions to mitigate potential
negative consequences.

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The role of Intolerance of Uncertainty in Disordered Eating Behaviours: A literature review.

Wygłosiła: Lila Rudaś
Na: 30. ISSC w Gdańsku

Streszczenie:

INTRODUCTION
Eating disorder behaviors are sometimes adopted as a way to directly cope with uncertainty, with restriction providing a sense of security or predictability. (Sternheim et al. 2011b).
AIM
The aim of this literature review is to examine the role of Intolerance of uncertainty in Disordered Eating Behaviours, focusing on scientific research from 2015 to present.
METHODS AND MATERIALS
A total of 35 scientific articles were reviewed from the following databases: PubMed, Google Scholar and EBSCO.
DISCUSSION
Clinical and epidemiological research consistently shows that anxiety disorders frequently co-occur at higher rates in individuals with eating disorders. (Godier & Park, 2014; Kaye, Bulik, Thornton, Barbarich, & Masters, 2004). Intolerance of uncertainty (IU) is a transdiagnostic process contributing to the maintenance of anxiety disorders (Alice Kesby, Sarah Maguire, Lenny R Vartanian, Jessica R. Grisham 2017). In a study conducted by Sterheim et al in 2011b, participants reported that experiencing uncertainty often led to feeling ‘out of control’ and resulted in efforts to maximise certainty through activities aimed to reduce the negative feelings.
CONCLUSION
Exploring the role of Intolerance of Uncertainty in disordered eating is to this day crucial for understanding its impact on the development and maintenance of Disordered Eating Behaviours. Reviewing existing research helps identify gaps, inform better interventions, and improve early detection, leading to more effective treatment outcomes.

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How adolescents view artificial general intelligence (AGI): Gender, autism spectrum risk, and personality as predictors of latent profiles of beliefs about AGI

Na: Sztuczna inteligencja i nowoczesne technologie w badaniach społecznych

Data: 21-22 listopada 2024

Wygłosił: Oliwia Kosecka

Streszczenie:

This study examined how adolescents view artificial general intelligence (AGI) and its development. Previous research has shown that people have mixed feelings about AI and hold diverse beliefs regarding the potential nature of AGI. As AI becomes increasingly central to technological progress and a more prominent part of everyday life, understanding attitudes toward it and their predictors is crucial. A total of 659 high school students participated in the study. A latent profile analysis was conducted based on two variables: the belief that AI will achieve a level of human thinking and the belief that emotions will guide it. The results identified four profiles: (i) “AGI Scientists,” who believe that AI will reach human-level thinking and be guided by emotions, suggesting it could have subjective experiences akin to human consciousness, potentially leading to emotional responses (16.3%); (ii) “AGI Skeptics,” who expect that AI will neither achieve this level of thinking nor be guided by emotions (20.2%); (iii) “AGI Realists,” who are more balanced and uncertain on both counts (49.1%); and (iv) “AGI Functionalists,” who expect that AI will be functionally equivalent to human intelligence but lacking an emotional aspect (14.4%). These profiles showed differences in terms of gender, openness to experience, cynical hostility towards humans, cynical hostility towards AI, and beliefs about how quickly AI will achieve human-level thinking. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.

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Medics under fire: online radical actions in the Polish reproductive rights discourse

Na: 19. Zjazd Polskiego Stowarzyszenia Psychologii Społecznej

Data: 19-21 września 2024

Wygłosił: Aleksandra Cupta

Streszczenie:

This research aimed to investigate the role of personality and group norms as predictors of online radical action. It was conducted in Poland, within the context of a social debate about the issue of legal abortion. The study involved 487 participants, including 153 women and 327 men. Respondents completed separate questionnaires depending on whether they declared pro-choice (N=248) or anti-choice (N=232) beliefs. Previous research has indicated links between anti-social tendencies and social behaviour. Therefore, to extend existing research, our study focused on testing the specific correlation between non-clinical psychopathy and willingness to participate in online radical collective actions against medics. In this study examples of radical collective action are doxing (searching for and revealing private information on the internet) or posting false, negative opinions about a particular doctor (e.g. on Google Maps). Our 2 x 2 factorial experiment involved randomly assigning participants to an experimental condition in which they were presented a fake Instagram post encouraging them to take normative or radical action in favour of legalising or banning abortion. To explore the interplay between individual differences and priming of group norms, we conducted regression analyses with non-clinical psychopathy, RWA and SDO as predictors and normative and radical collective actions as depended variables. Our results revealed that non-clinical psychopathy is a significant predictor of willingness to participate in radical collective actions, and not in normative one. This effect is consistent even when controlling for RWA, SDO, religious fundamentalism and tendency to present oneself in a socially desirable way.

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Experimental Impact: Favourite Music During Learning on Memory Retention with QEEG

Na: 29^th International Student Scientific Conference

Data: 11-13 kwietnia 2024

Wygłosił: Aleksandra Wybrańska

Streszczenie:
Expanding on the provided theoretical background, there’s growing recognition of background music’s profound impact on cognitive processes, particularly in learning and memory retention within cognitive psychology. Existing literature emphasizes theta activity’s predictive role in learning outcomes, and ongoing research highlights auditory neurofeedback’s potential in enhancing cognitive performance. This study delves into the intricate relationship between music and cognition by investigating the effects of listening to favourite music on theta wave activity, memory consolidation, mood, and extraversion during learning tasks. By elucidating these dynamics, the research aims to contribute to the broader comprehension of how music influences cognitive functioning, potentially informing educational practices and individualized learning strategies. The control group underwent mood assessment and QEEG diagnosis before engaging in learning tasks without music. The experimental group, on the first day, included listening to favourite music during learning tasks. On the second day, the experimental group listened to music before learning tasks. Both groups completed mood assessment and learning tasks including the Rey figure test, AVLT, and reading comprehension with IDS-2. The study found that the experimental group, which listened to favourite music during learning, did not show significant differences in theta wave
amplitude or short- and long-term memory compared to the control group. Both groups exhibited similar results in mood assessments and cognitive tasks. These findings suggest that while music may influence mood and concentration, it may not necessarily translate into improved memory processes. These conclusions highlight the need for further research into the various aspects of music’s impact on cognitive functions and the potential for individualized and effective use of music in educational processes.

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Problematic overstudying, Big Five personality, and music performance anxiety: associations with well-being and academic performance

Na: 29^th International Student Scientific Conference

Data: 11-13 kwietnia 2024

Wygłosił: Piotr Luszuk

Streszczenie:
Problematic overstudying is a compulsive and pathological overinvolvement in studying leading to harm and considerable functional impairments. It is conceptualized as “study addiction,” a precursor to work addiction. It has been investigated within the addictive behaviours framework in general
populations of students for over a decade. A previous study analysed the problem among young musicians as a particularly vulnerable group. It found some important differences in potential personality risk factors among music academy students compared to general populations of students and showed an important role of social anxiety. The study aimed to validate the previous findings concerning associations among Big Five personality, social anxiety, study addiction and well-being, and academic performance (Lawendowski et al., 2020) in a separate larger sample and extend them by investigating the role of MPA as a crucial variable in the psychology of music. The study was conducted among 213 students of music academies. Valid and reliable measures of study addiction, MPA, Big Five personality and well-being were used. The results showed that MPA played a similar role as social anxiety in terms of being a predictor, mediator, and moderator of the main replicated effects supporting the hypothesised mechanisms regulating study addiction. However, extraversion was not associated with study addiction in multiple hierarchical regression analysis, but conscientiousness and neuroticism were. Study addiction was associated with indicators of decreased well-being, above and beyond MPA, and personality. These results show that MPA plays an analogous role to social anxiety and that the role of Big Five personality in study addiction among young musicians requires further investigation due to inconsistent findings.

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Demographic predictors of readiness for a romantic relationship with individuals suffering from chronic illnesses.

Na: 29^th International Student Scienitific Conference

Data: 11-13 kwietnia 2024

Wygłosił: Jadwiga Cichoń

Streszczenie:
The presence of a chronic illness represents a significant obstacle to establishing intimate relationships, not only due to physical limitations but also because of various social barriers within the societal context (Wiliński, 2010). Researchers agree that cultivating appropriate attitudes toward individuals with chronic illnesses requires experiential learning through interactions with them. Surprisingly, deepening relationships and increasing intimacy may not necessarily shorten the social distance towards individuals with disabilities, including chronic illnesses. This phenomenon is observed primarily during transient, short-term interactions, prompting consideration of factors influencing readiness to enter a relationship with someone with a chronic illness beyond personal experience (Gorczycka, 1988; Miłkowska-Olejniczak, 1993; Olejnik, 2018). The aim of the study was to examine demographic predictors of readiness for engaging in a romantic relationship with an individual with a chronic illness (RERRICI). It was hypothesized that women and singles would exhibit higher levels of RERRICI, and additionally, that age and the level of education would be positively correlated with RERRICI. The study was conducted on a sample of 113 individuals, including 55 females and 54 males, with 4 participants not declaring their gender. Participants were queried about gender, age, the level of education, place of origin, and relationship status. RERRICI was assessed using a modified version of the Acceptance of Illness Scale (AIS). The results showed no evidence of a relationship between gender and RERRICI or between age and RERRICI. Contrary to the expectations, the level of education was negatively correlated with RERRICI. As for relationship status, singles exhibited higher levels of RERRICI compared to individuals currently in a romantic relationship. These findings may contribute to the development of modern psychotherapeutic methods for individuals with chronic illnesses and their close relationships.

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Big Five personality traits, attachment and problematic pornography consumption: the moderating role of gender

Na: 29^th International Student Scienitific Conference

Data: 11-13 kwietnia 2024

Wygłosił: Aleksandra Cupta

Streszczenie:
Pornography usage is a widespread phenomenon (Wright et al., 2023), but pornography watched compulsively can lead to mental health problems conceptualized within behavioral addiction framework (Young, 2008). Previous studies showed that problematic pornography consumption (PPC) is related to specific personality traits and attachment (e.g., Borgogna & Aita, 2019; Efrati et al., 2021). The present study examined the links between personality traits and attachment styles to PPC separately for women and men. The sample consisted of 273 men and 318 women from Poland. Problematic Pornography Consumption Scale (PPCS-6; Griffiths, 2005) was used to measure PPC, the Polish adaptation of the Ten-Item Personality Inventory (TIPI; Atroszko, 2015) was applied to assess the five-factor personality model and the short version of the Polish adaptation of the Experience in Close Relationships-Revised scale (ECR-R; Lubiewska et al., 2016) was used to measure adult attachment. Correlation coefficients for expected relationships between Big-Five personality traits and PPC were significant only among men. According to regression analysis, emotional stability was related to PPC only in men, and attachment anxiety was related to PPC in both genders. Lack of the link between expected big-five personality traits among women hints at the possibility, that women with PPC do not exhibit personality profile distinctive for addiction; meanwhile the “addictive personality” (Zilberman et al., 2018) profile was visible in the sample of men. In men, the link between attachment anxiety and PPC was more pronounced than in women, highlighting the moderating influence of gender. Possible explanation is that individuals with an anxious attachment style may seek non-committal sexual encounters to mitigate separation and abandonment fears. This research emphasizes the critical role of gender differences in PPC, advocating for interventions and support tailored to the specific needs of both genders.

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Neurofeedback in the prevention of study addiction and reduction of its negative consequences

Na: 28^th International Student Scienitific Conference

Data: 13-15 kwietnia 2023

Wygłosił: Aleksandra Wybrańska

Streszczenie:

The study aimed to review the literature on the specificity of study addiction and interventions aimed at reducing its risk and negative consequences using Neurofeedback technology. Study addiction is the most common addictive behavior in student populations – previous studies indicate a high risk among about 15% of students (Atroszko et al. 2021). Discussion: Despite the dynamic development of research on study addiction and numerous debates about the balance between studying and leisure, stress and burnout are increasing, not decreasing. Study addiction is significantly associated with chronic stress, anxiety, depres‑ sion, physical health problems, loneliness, and reduced school and academic achievements. Study addiction is also closely related to the inability to relax. Therefore, there is a great need to reduce stress and burnout – phenomena strongly associated with addiction to studying. Neurofeedback technology is effective in developing relaxation skills and reducing stress (Tabachnik, 2015). Conclusions: As research shows, especially focusing on the alpha rhythm, best observed in the occipital lobe with eyes closed, brings benefits in deepening the state of relaxation. Similar stud‑ ies were conducted among people addicted to alcohol and brought effects in the reduction in anxiety. However, the literature review did not indicate any studies on using this method in study addiction. We designed a pilot study for which we obtained funding from the Ministry of Education. Its aim is to examine the effectiveness of relaxation training

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Obsessive‑compulsive personality disorder vs. study addiction: an empirical study on association and relationships with well‑being

Na: 28^th International Student Scienitific Conference

Data: 13-15 kwietnia 2023

Wygłosił: Aleksandra Buźniak

Streszczenie:

Young musicians are a particular group with a higher risk of psychological vulnerabilities that affect their development and career. Aim: The study aimed to examine the relationship between obsessive‑compulsive personality disorder, study addiction, and well‑being among students of music academies. Method and Materials: A total of 255 students from music academies took part in the study. The Bergen Study Addiction Scale, the Five‑Factor Obsessive Compulsive Inventory, Perceived Stress Scale, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Three‑Item Loneliness Scale, and single‑item measure of learning engagement were used. Multiple hierarchical regression analyses showed that study addiction was related to well‑being above and beyond OCPD and showed a stronger relationship with deteriorated functioning. The results of the mediation also showed that study addiction fully mediated between OCPD and stress and loneliness and partially between OCPD and anxiety and depression. The moderation analyses revealed that there was no association between OCPD and depression among students with high study addiction. Conclusions: To sum up, study addiction seems to be an independent disorder from OCPD and is associated with considerable harm. Further systematic studies are highly warranted to provide better help.

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