Moderating effect of subjective socioeconomic status on the relationship between Schwartz’s power and achievement values and cynical hostility among university students
Authors: Paulina Bagińska, Aleksandra Mąkinia, Monika Mokosińska, Michalina Sęktas, Artur Sawicki
Abstract: The aim of the study was to investigate the moderating effect of socioeconomic status (SES) on the relationship between self enhancement values (power and achievement) and cynical hostility. Cynical hostility is a trait characterized mainly by enduring negative attitude towards others and mistrustfulness. Values in Schwartz’s theory are trans-situational goals, guiding principles in one’s life. Subjective socioeconomic status represents one’s sense of his/her position on social ladder. It was hypothesised that external attribution of success related to low SES will account for stronger positive relationship between security value and cynical hostility, compared to high SES. The study was conducted among 244 students (151 women, 89 men, 4 people did not report gender), with mean age M = 21.33 (SD = 2.80). Cook-Medley Hostility Inventory – Brief, Short Schwartz’s Value Survey, MacArthur Scale of Subjective Social Status and standard measures of objective SES were used. The results mostly confirmed hypotheses. Positive relationship between achievement and cynical hostility was stronger in low-SES group. Similar results (non-significant) were noted for power value. Results add to the existing literature of social inequalities and distrust. While pursuing better life conditions, ambitious people low on social ladder are vulnerable to cynical beliefs that may hinder their success and wellbeing.
Publ: Research and Development of Young Scientists in Poland. Humanities and social sciences